Control of fluid-operated pistons



Oct; '11, 1938. LICHTE CONTROL OF FLUID OPERATED PISTONS Filed Aug. 4, 1936 a w w w, 7 m m \Mv I Am W R? g Q 2 1 v "-5 vzwo alaoags 77 so Patented Oct. 11, 1933 a lar reference to the co My invention the movement, in an engln able under the action gas or a liquid under s ATENT- OFFICE ooNraoL 0F r'num ornaamn PISTONS v August Lichte, Dessau -Alten, Germany,' assignor to Junkers Flug'seug-unrl-Motorenwerke .Ak-

tiengeseilschaft, Dessau-Anhalt,

gust 4,

, Application Au InG ermany 2 Claims.

relates to means for controlling e, of a membermovof a fluid, pressure.

mbination,

It has particuacted uponby a fluid under pressure so as to be movable in a closed controlling the a fluid under pressure.

mm drawbacks. adheri hitherto suggested.

It has already been arrange the control power member (piston). bers contact with each surface at least one of sai with control conduits,

for admission and exh The outlet openings of th the two members beinga other, are either set each other-or are covere at least in one of the helical conduits.

It is an object of my inve combination of thiskind workingspace, of a member dmission and exhaust n-M which is devoid of "eerng to similar mechanisms member once; and the asfollows: Both memother 'in a cylindrical endingin this surface, aust of the pressure fluid. ese conduits. which, on djusted relative to each in communication with d and closed, are formed, twocoacting members, as

Relative adiustm'ent'of the two members is brought about by one of them rothe axis of t y invention to s kind above described that it two separate and relatively axis.

0 design a independent regulating devices in such'manner that the position in the power cylinde of the two regulating tion of the other reg enced thereby. This is invention, by so do that it can be adjusted in v to each other, i.

aboutits longitudinal a mm, in thesens tion of this axis.

this kind may for instance the admission of fuel in pendently theref ment in the direc A mechanism of serve for regulating of the power mem r can be changed by one e. in the sense ber (piston) devices, without the posiulating device being influeflected,according to this signing the controlling slide;

two directions normal of arotation xis and furtheryindee of a displaceinternal combustion engines, in which theden sity of the air char limits, by imparting to the c one movement by mean the number of revolutions ther movement of the control member is brought about in correspondence influenced by the n which tends to keep constant, while the o go is variable within wide ontrol member (slide) s of a regulating device mber of revolutions and which may be a v i tas;

proposed to design and a members being ro I Germany 1936, Serial No. 94,119 August 22, 1935 to th edensity of the surcharge. This can be for instance by means of a hand lever. I 1 thereby obtain that with a charge of lower density any excess of fuel and any poor com-. .bustioi' resulting therefrom are avoided, while 'at the same time" the regulation to constant numbers otrevolution withinthe admissible fuel adin full force.

embodiment of my; inventiontis -illustra 'tfed diagrammatically by way of example.

Inthe drawing Fig. l is an axial section showingthe power member or piston under the form'ofa vane oscillatable, in a'semi-cylindricaljchamber', about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder,. 'while the control member (slide) is capable'foipboth a rotary and an axial movement.

Fig. 2 is across section on the- Figs. 2a and 2b are part cross sections .of the vane forming the power piston with the slide shown in two different circumferential positions.

Fig. 3 is a partial end viewand cross section of 'Fig. l viewed in the direction of the arrow al. 25 Figs. 4, 4a and 4b are developments of the helical conduit ope ings of the axially displaced slide in three different positions relative to the openings of the conduits. Figs. 5, 5a and 5b are similar developments for rotary displacements of the slide.

Referring to the drawing and flrstto 1, l is the oscillatory piston or vane formingthe power member and H is a segment-shaped .caS- ing with lateral extensions 9 and "I, in the-bor ings I and l of which the spindle 5 carrying the vane 6 is supported. 3. is the slide or controlling member and l is a regulating device in theform of a diaphragm suflering changes of form when acted upon by different pressures,

which is connected by a link 2 with an auxiliary member H. The slide 3 is inserted for disp1ace ment in a boring l of the spindle I so as to be in contact with the piston or vane & in a cylin drical surface. The lefthand end of siidel, is connected,- by means'of a link to the auxiliary member H in such maner that the slide and the member are capable of relative rotary' movement, but are prevented from carrying out any relative axial movement. On its right hand e'nd' slide 3 is provided with a flattened exten sion'SU projecting into a slit 55 of another auxiliary member 5|, which allowsthe siide g.ndiftii member 5| to axially move relative to each other specification an i line n--1 r in wh qpr vent ing any relative circumferential dis right of the vane 6. The vane 6 is now turned placement. On the projecting end 52 of member 5| is fixed a lever 53 which can be turned by hand or by means of an automatic regulating device (not shown). An exhaust pipe l5 in communication with the exhaust of fluid is connected with the extension III of the casing, a conduit l6 ending in an annular groove l1 establishing communication between the pipe l5 and the boring 8.- To the extension 9 of the casing is connected the fluid admission pipe 22 by an annular groove 20 and a boring I3. 23 and 24 are enlarged excavations of the spindle boring 4. Each excavation communicates by a boring 25 and 26, respectively, of the spindle 5 with the annular grooves l1 and 20, respectively. In the slide are formed helical grooves 30, 30a and 3| forming controlling conduits. The grooves 30 and 30a communicate with the cavity 24, the groove 3| with thee-cavity 23. The spindle 5 is further formed with two radial borings 35 and 36 (Fig. 2) which end on one side in that part of the spindle boring 4 which surrounds the portion of the slide formed with the controlling edges, and on the other side in one of the two workin chambers I3 and |3a, respectively, situated on either side of the vane or piston 6. The openings of the conduits 35, 36 in the wall of the spindle boring 4 are spaced, in the circumferential direction, equally as two adjoining control conduits 30 and 3| or 3| and 30a of the slide 3. On the extension 3 of the casing, which faces the diaphragm is fixed by means of screws 45 a plate 42 formed with a slit 44 (Fig. 3), through which extends the flattened end 43 of the auxiliary member 4|, whereby the auxiliary member is prevented from revolving about its axis. At the other end, averted from the diaphragm I, the spindle 5 is formed with an end portion 49, on which is fixed, by means of a set screw 46, a gear wheel 41 meshing with a gear wheel 48 which is connected with the adjusting member (not shown) to be moved. The member 5| is formed with a vent 54, which connects the spindle boring 4 with the atmosphere and prevents an air cushion from formingin front of the slide.

The operation of this device is the following:

If we assume the slide 3 to be first in the position shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 5, when the parts oi the wall of the slide'between the helical conduits 30 and 3| or 3| and 30a cover'the openings of the conduits 35 and 36 in the wall of the spindle boring 4 (Fig. 2), no fluid can enter or escape from the conduits 35 and 36 and consequently the vane 6 will remain at rest. If now the slide 3 is shifted towards the left in Fig. 1 (in the direction towards the diaphragm I) the openings of the conduits 35 and 36 are uncovered, as shown in Figs. 2a and 4a, conduit 35 now being connected with the conduit 3| and conduit 36 with the conduit 30a; The pressure fluid now flows from the supply pipe 22 through the conduit |9,

annular groove 20 and cavity 24 into the conduit 30a and (according to Figure 2a) through conduit 36 into the working space |3a on the bythefluid towards the left (in anti-clockwise direction). In consequence thereof the fluid in the working space i3 on the left of the vane 6 is forced through conduits 35 and 3|, cavity 23, conduit 25, annular groove l1 and conduit |6 into the exhaust pipe i5. With this adjustment of the vane the openings of the conduits 35 and 36 are shifted in the direction of the arrow b in Fig. 4a obliquely to the edges of the conduits 30a, 3| and are thereby gradually covered by the wall sections intermediate the conduits. In consequence thereof the movement of .the van 6 continues only until these conduit openings have been fully covered by the wall sections of the slide. Owing to the helical form of the control conduits the fresh covering of the openings will require an angle of adjustment which will be the larger, the farther the slide 3 was displaced. Thus this displacement and the oscillation of the vane are related with each other in a predetermined manner which is defined by the pitch of the helical control conduits.

A similar operation will be obtained by a turning of lever 55 which results in a rotary movement of the slide 5| relative to the vane or piston 6, without influencing the axial position of the slide. The effect of such rotary movement of the slide on the vane or piston is illustrated in Figs. 5, 5a and 5b. Fig. 5, which corresponds to Fig. 4, illustrates the state of rest, in which both the control slide and the power piston are at rest, since the openings of the conduits 35, 36 of the vane are covered by the wall sections between the helical conduit openings of the slide, whereby a flow of pressure fluid is prevented from occurring. On the other hand, if the slide is turned as shown by the arrow c in Fig. 5a, the helicalconduit openings 3|, 30a of the slide will communicate with the openings of the conduits 35,66, re spectively, of the vane and the fluid will now be free to flow, whereby the vane will be moved in the sense of the rotary movement of the slide (i. e. also in the direction of the arrow 0 in Fig. 50), until the position of rest has been restored,

in which the conduit openings 35 and 36 of the vane have again assumed the same position relative to the helical conduit openings of the slide as before rotation of the slide.

If the slide is displaced from, its normal position in Figs. 1 and 4 towards the right, away from the diaphragm the conduit 35 will be con- The vane will now be moved to the right (in.

clockwise direction) and will displace fluid from the working space |3a on the right. This fluid will flow through conduits 36 and 3|, cavity 23, conduit 25, annular groove l1 and conduit |6 into the exhaust pipe l5. The same will occur on rotation of the slide 3 in the direction of the arrow d in Fig. 5b, whenever lever 53 is turned in opposite direction as described herebefore.

I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. A mechanism for moving a power member acted upon by a fluid under pressure in dependency from the movements of a control member serving to control the admission and exhaust,

turning the control member about its longitudinal axis, and means connected with the other regulating device for displacing the control member in the axial direction.

2. A mechanism for moving a power member acted upon by a fluid under pressure in dependency from the movements of a control member serving to control the admission and exhaust of the fluid, comprising in combination a substantially semicylindrical casing, a vane extending axially across said casing and arranged for oscillation about its axis, a hub formed on said vane, a control slide extending through an axial boring of said hub, said. slide being arranged turnable and axially displaceable in said boring, means for admitting pressure fluid to and means for exhausting pressure fluid from such boring, helical flow-controlling conduits in one of the surfaces, in which said slide and said hub contact with each other, and automatically active means for operating said slide.

' AUGUST LICHTE. 

